How the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen films change during solar irradiation
Binks, BP; Fletcher, PDI; Johnson, AJ; Marinopoulos, I; Crowther, J; Thompson, MA
HERO ID
4342774
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2017
Language
English
| HERO ID | 4342774 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2017 |
| Title | How the sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreen films change during solar irradiation |
| Authors | Binks, BP; Fletcher, PDI; Johnson, AJ; Marinopoulos, I; Crowther, J; Thompson, MA |
| Journal | Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry |
| Volume | 333 |
| Page Numbers | 186-199 |
| Abstract | We have investigated how the sun protection factor (SPF) of different types of sunscreen film varies with "standard" solar irradiation due to photochemical processes. We have used a combination of chemical actinometry, measurement and modelling to estimate the overall quantum yields for the photoprocesses occurring for avobenzone (AVB) and isopentylp-methoxycinnamate (MC) in either propane-1,2-diol (PG) or squalane (SQ) as solvent. Using the obtained parameters, we have developed models to calculate the evolution of the film spectra and derived SPF values for both non-scattering sunscreen films consisting of solutions of multiple UV filters and for highly scattering Pickering emulsion based sunscreen films. Model calculations for all films are in excellent agreement with film spectra measured as a function of irradiation time using different laboratory light sources. Finally, using the estimated parameters and experimentally validated models, we are able to quantitatively predict how the in vitro SPF values for different film types containing any set combination of UV filter concentrations will vary with time due to photochemical processes induced by irradiation with "standard" sunlight. This provides a useful tool for the rational design and optimisation of new sunscreen formulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Doi | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.027 |
| Wosid | WOS:000389393100020 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | Sunscreen; Sun protection factor; Photochemistry; Emulsions; Avobenzone; p-methoxycinnamate |
| Relationship(s) |
|