Maternal smoking, genetic variation of glutathione s-transferases, and risk for orofacial clefts
Lammer, EJ; Shaw, GM; Iovannisci, DM; Finnell, RH
HERO ID
732716
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2005
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 732716 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2005 |
| Title | Maternal smoking, genetic variation of glutathione s-transferases, and risk for orofacial clefts |
| Authors | Lammer, EJ; Shaw, GM; Iovannisci, DM; Finnell, RH |
| Journal | Epidemiology |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Page Numbers | 698-701 |
| Abstract | Maternal smoking is a known risk factor for orofacial clefts. We investigated whether risk is greater among offspring who lack the genetic capacity to produce glutathione S-transferase enzymes relevant to detoxification of chemicals in cigarette smoke.<br /><br /> Using a population-based case-control design, we genotyped 423 California infants with an isolated cleft and 294 nonmalformed controls for null variants of the glutathione S-transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1.<br /><br /> If a mother smoked during pregnancy and her fetus was homozygous null for GSTT1, the risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate was tripled (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-7.2). For fetuses who were homozygous null for GSTM1 and whose mothers smoked >/=20 cigarettes per day, we found nearly a 7-fold increased risk (6.8; 0.82-57). Combined absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes among the offspring of smoking mothers was associated with a nearly 6-fold increased risk for cleft lip (6.3; 1.3-42). A similar increased risk for cleft palate was associated with absence of GSTM1, but not for absence of GSTT1.<br /><br /> Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases risks for clefts among fetuses lacking enzymes involved in the detoxification of tobacco-derived chemicals. |
| Pmid | 16135950 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Is Qa | No |