Urinary bromide and breathing zone concentrations of 1-bromopropane from workers exposed to flexible foam spray adhesives
Hanley, KW; Petersen, M; Curwin, BD; Sanderson, WT
HERO ID
607476
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2006
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 607476 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2006 |
| Title | Urinary bromide and breathing zone concentrations of 1-bromopropane from workers exposed to flexible foam spray adhesives |
| Authors | Hanley, KW; Petersen, M; Curwin, BD; Sanderson, WT |
| Journal | Annals of Occupational Hygiene |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Page Numbers | 599-607 |
| Abstract | 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been marketed as an alternative for ozone depleting solvents and suspect carcinogens and is in aerosol products, adhesives and solvents used for metal, precision and electronics cleaning. Toxicity of 1-BP is poorly understood, but it may be a neurologic, reproductive and hematologic toxin. Sparse exposure information prompted this exposure assessment study using air sampling, and measurement of urinary metabolites. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving removal of bromide (Br) from the propyl group. One research objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary Br analysis for assessing 1-BP exposure using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available method. Complete 48 h urine specimens were obtained from 30 workers on two consecutive days at two facilities using 1-BP adhesives to construct polyurethane foam seat cushions and from seven unexposed control subjects. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples representing three daily time intervals (at work; after work but before bedtime; and upon wake-up) and analyzed for Br ion by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Full-shift breathing zone samples were collected for 1-BP on Anasorb carbon molecular sieve sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH method 1025. Geometric mean (GM) breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP were 92 parts per million (p.p.m.) for adhesive sprayers and 11 p.p.m. for other jobs. For sprayers, urinary Br concentrations ranged from 77 to 542 milligrams per gram of creatinine [mg (g-cr)<sup>-1</sup>] at work; from 58 to 308 mg (g-cr)<sup>-1</sup> after work; and from 46 to 672 mg (g-cr)<sup>-1</sup> in wake-up samples. Pre-week urinary Br concentrations for sprayers were substantially higher than for the non-sprayers and controls, with GMs of 102, 31 and 3.8 mg (g-cr)<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. An association of 48 h urinary Br concentration with 1-BP exposure was statistically significant (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.89) for all jobs combined. This study demonstrates that urinary elimination is an important excretion pathway for 1-BP metabolism, and Br may be a useful biomarker of exposure. |
| Doi | 10.1093/annhyg/mel020 |
| Pmid | 16698849 |
| Wosid | WOS:000240987900008 |
| Url | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16698849 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | Source: Web of Science WOS:000240987900008 |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | Adult; Aerosol; Air Sampling; Article; Blood Toxicity; Breathing; Cleaning; Clinical Article; Concentration (Parameters); Controlled Study; Cost Effectiveness Analysis; Creatinine Urine Level; Female; Furniture; Gas Chromatography; Human; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Neurotoxicity; Occupational Exposure; Priority Journal; Reproductive Toxicity; Toxicokinetics; Urinary Excretion; Urine Level; 1 bromopropane/to [Drug Toxicity]; Acetylcysteine; Adhesive Agent/to [Drug Toxicity]; Adsorbent; Biological Marker; Bromide; Carcinogen/to [Drug Toxicity]; Creatinine/ec [Endogenous Compound]; Polyurethan Foam; Propane/to [Drug Toxicity]; Solvent/to [Drug Toxicity]; Unclassified Drug |
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