Occurrence and sources of perfluorinated surfactants in rivers in Japan
Murakami, M; Imamura, E; Shinohara, H; Kiri, K; Muramatsu, Y; Harada, A; Takada, H
HERO ID
3858647
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2008
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 3858647 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2008 |
| Title | Occurrence and sources of perfluorinated surfactants in rivers in Japan |
| Authors | Murakami, M; Imamura, E; Shinohara, H; Kiri, K; Muramatsu, Y; Harada, A; Takada, H |
| Journal | Environmental Science & Technology |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 17 |
| Page Numbers | 6566-6572 |
| Abstract | We analyzed perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) in 20 river samples and 5 wastewater secondary effluent samples in Japan to reveal their occurrence and sources. Nine PFS species were determined: perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDDA), and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTDA). PFSs were detected in all rivers, revealing nationwide contamination of rivers. In particular, 11 out of 20 river samples exceeded New Jersey guidance for PFOA in drinking water (40 ng/L). PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, and PFNA were major species in Japan. Concentrations of PFOS, PFHpA, and PFNA in rivers were strongly correlated with population density, suggesting that the chemicals were derived from urban activities. PFOA showed a significant but weak correlation. We used crotamiton, a marker of sewage effluent, for further source analysis. Concentrations of PFOS, PFHpA, and PFNAwere strongly correlated with those of crotamiton, and plots of secondary effluents fell near the regression lines of rivers, indicating that the PFOS, PFHpA, and PFNA in rivers were derived from sewage effluent. On the other hand, PFOA was found at remarkably high levels (54-192 ng/L) in seven river samples containing low levels of crotamiton, suggesting that it was derived from nonsewage point sources, as well as sewage effluent. The total fluxes of sewage-derived PFOS, PFHpA, PFOA, and PFNA from Japan were estimated to be 3.6, 2.6, 5.6, and 2.6 t/year, respectively. This is the first report to identify PFOA in several rivers, derived from nonsewage point sources, by using a marker of sewage effluent. |
| Doi | 10.1021/es800353f |
| Pmid | 18800531 |
| Wosid | WOS:000258883300043 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | ProQuest URL: https://search.proquest.com/docview/69565672?accountid=171501 |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Relationship(s) |
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