Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study
Crouse, DL; Peters, PA; van Donkelaar, A; Goldberg, MS; Villeneuve, PJ; Brion, O; Khan, S; Atari, DO; Jerrett, M; Pope, CA; Brauer, M; Brook, JR; Martin, RV; Stieb, D; Burnett, RT
HERO ID
1255206
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2012
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 1255206 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2012 |
| Title | Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study |
| Authors | Crouse, DL; Peters, PA; van Donkelaar, A; Goldberg, MS; Villeneuve, PJ; Brion, O; Khan, S; Atari, DO; Jerrett, M; Pope, CA; Brauer, M; Brook, JR; Martin, RV; Stieb, D; Burnett, RT |
| Journal | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| Volume | 120 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Page Numbers | 708-714 |
| Abstract | <strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5))]. This is the first national-level cohort study to investigate these risks in Canada.<br /><br /><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>We investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM(2.5) and cardiovascular mortality in nonimmigrant Canadian adults.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS: </strong>We assigned estimates of exposure to ambient PM(2.5) derived from satellite observations to a cohort of 2.1 million Canadian adults who in 1991 were among the 20% of the population mandated to provide detailed census data. We identified deaths occurring between 1991 and 2001 through record linkage. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for available individual-level and contextual covariates using both standard Cox proportional survival models and nested, spatial random-effects survival models.<br /><br /><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Using standard Cox models, we calculated HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.16) from nonaccidental causes and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.35) from ischemic heart disease for each 10-μg/m(3) increase in concentrations of PM(2.5). Using spatial random-effects models controlling for the same variables, we calculated HRs of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.43), respectively. We found similar associations between nonaccidental mortality and PM2.5 based on satellite-derived estimates and ground-based measurements in a subanalysis of subjects in 11 cities.<br /><br /><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>In this large national cohort of nonimmigrant Canadians, mortality was associated with long-term exposure to PM(2.5). Associations were observed with exposures to PM(2.5) at concentrations that were predominantly lower (mean, 8.7 μg/m(3); interquartile range, 6.2 μg/m(3)) than those reported previously. |
| Doi | 10.1289/ehp.1104049 |
| Pmid | 22313724 |
| Wosid | WOS:000303546000035 |
| Url | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313724 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | Canada; cardiovascular mortality; cohort study; fine particulate matter |
| Is Qa | No |