Abstract  The aim of this work was to characterize and to quantify ozonation by-products of glucose in ultrapure water ([Glucose](o) = 5 mmol 1(-1); initial pH : pH approximate to 6, final pH : approximate to 3). HPLC and GC analyses showed that ozonation of glucose yields mainly gluconic acid (0.6 - 0.7 mole I mole of glucose eliminated) and formic acid (0.2 - 0.25 mole / mole of glucose eliminated) at the beginning of the reaction. Glycolic acid, formaldehyde and peroxides were also formed for low ozone dosages. GC/MS analyses carried out on extracts from ozonated solutions of glucose and gluconic acid (90-95% removal of the initial organic compound) allowed the identification of several by-products wih six carbon atoms (hexosuloses, glucuronic and glucaric acids) and with less carbon atoms (acids and aldehydes).

Abstract  Eight strains of rhizobia isolated from Mediterranean legumes were tested for their ability to use various carbohydrates in the presence of different NaCl concentrations. This study used API 50CH galleries which permitted rapid screening of the effect of salt on the utilization of 49 different carbohydrates. In absence of salt, the strains used a large variety of carbohydrates as energy and carbon sources. Salt tolerant strains nodulating Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cytisus arboreus and Adenocarpus decorticans, grew on a wide range of carbohydrates in hyper-osmotic media containing 500 mu M or 1 M NaCl. Esculin was the preferred carbon source in highly salt stressed media. In milder saline conditions, 175 or 350 PM NaCl, two salt-stress sensitive strains, isolated from Genista erioclada used xylose, ribose, mannose, gluconic acid, galactose, sorbitol, fructose, and the disaccharides, maltose, sucrose, cellobiose and trehalose, but could not grow on mannitol. An unexpected result was that some carbon sources are utilized in presence of salt but not in its absence. The uptake of these carbohydrates is probably activated by salt stress.

Abstract  Recurrent renal stones associated with urinary infection were treated in eight kidneys in six patients by percutaneous nephrostomy and irrigation with hemiacidrin, a commercially available solution of organic acids and magnesium. The stones, presumably composed of triple phosphates (magnesium, ammonium and calcium phosphate), were completely dissolved in six kidneys; in two they were partially dissolved and subsequently recovered by other methods. No serious complications were encountered. The technic requires special precautions against perinephric and intravascular dissemination of infection, but it offers potentially effective therapy for certain kidney stones without the use of general anesthesia or operation.

Abstract  A previously healthy girl, without heart disease, who ingested 2400 mg of verapamil developed hypotension, trifasicular block pattern, mental confusion, mild metabolic acidosis, and hyperglycemia. She recovered with symptomatic and supportive therapy. A discussion is presented about the action mechanism of the drug.

Abstract  A quantitative method for calcium pangamate (Vitamin B15) and calcium gluconate determination, separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric hydroxamate procedure. The method may also be applied to the determination separately and in mixture, is proposed on the basis of the ferric of both preparations in mixture with various other substances which are not converted into lactone from in acid medium, and which the ferric hydroxamate procedure fails to develop.

Abstract  Calcium gluconate is irritating to soft tissues and can produce tissue necrosis and slough; Radiographs of the part following extravasation initially show only soft tissue swelling. A variable pattern of soft tissue calcification then develops in one to three weeks, and gradually is completely resorbed over several months' time. The cause of the soft tissue calcifications may be quite puzzling, if the incident of calcium gluconate extravasation has been overlooked.

Abstract  Changes in serum and tissue and urinary levels of fluoride, calcium and other biochemical consequences were investigated in rats after experimental hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns, to obtain adequate method of emergency treatment for the injury. Increases in ionized fluoride and decreases in total and ionized calcium, in the sera were observed after contact with HF. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were observed over a 24 hour period. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were elevated in the sera taken within 24 hours after burn and fell to reference range once the calcium concentration had been raised. Electrocardiographic changes including severe bradycardia were observed. These results indicate that an HF skin burn results in systemic fluoride poisoning followed by hypocalcemia, hypersecretion of PTH, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and other electrolytes imbalance. Flushing with running water was effective for HF burns. By applying 2.5% calcium gluconate jelly, concentrations of fluoride in the urine and the tissues surrounding the injured region were reduced. Thus, the present results proved that the irrigation with running water and the jelly applications was evaluated as the most effective therapy among various methods tested for the HF burn.

Abstract  We noted the presence of elevated levels of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (83 pg/ml (200 pmol/L), with low total serum calcium concentration (6.5 mg/dl (1.88 mmol/L), in an untreated adolescent boy with hypoparathyroidism. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between total serum calcium and circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels was evident during treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We examined this relationship with a 33-hour intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate in the absence of exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy. The infusion was accompanied by a gradual increase of both total serum calcium and blood ionized calcium concentrations from hypocalcemic to normocalcemic ranges, and produced a 50% reduction in circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values, with minimal changes in circulating phosphorus, magnesium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D values. These results suggest that calcium-dependent, parathyroid hormone-independent regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production may exist in human beings.

Abstract  A case of a nonfatal acebutolol intoxication in a 15 year old female is described. Ingestion of 7600 mg acebutolol resulted in a plasma acebutolol concentration of 15 mg/1 one hour after ingestion. The patient remained conscious, had a severe hypotension and the electrocardiogram showed a 1st degree AV-block and severe intraventricular conduction disturbances at a rate of 70 bpm. After the administration of calcium gluconate and plasma the blood pressure gradually increased to normal values in 2 hours time. Plasma halflife of acebutolol was 8 hours. Pathophysiology of acebutolol intoxication is discussed.

Abstract  In order to determine the listericidal efficacies of three marinades used in the production of marinated green shell mussels (Perna canaliculus), decimal reduction times (D values) were determined for a mixture of seven strains of Listeria monocytogenes exposed to marinades in the presence and absence of mussels. With an acetic acid (1.5%, wt/vol) marinade, calculated D values in the presence and absence of mussels were 77.3 and 33.3 h, respectively. Likewise, for an acetic acid (0.75%)-lactic acid (0.75%) marinade and an acetic acid (1.5%)-Glucono Delta-Lactone (0.2%)-based marinade, the D values in the presence and absence of mussels were 125.5 and 26.9 h and 86.3 and 19.3 h, respectively. Various increases in decimal reduction times in the presence of mussels indicated that there was no simple relationship between the listericidal natures of these marinades and the presence of mussels. This result suggests that difficulties may occur in trying to relate acid inhibition studies carried out in model broth systems to "real food" systems.

Abstract  We characterized a glucose-sensitive, controlled-release insulin delivery system. Insulin release rates increased when glucose was perfused in the release media surrounding the matrix. The system was composed of solid, particulate insulin, incorporated into an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrix. Feedback control was mediated by the glucose oxidase enzyme immobilized to Sepharose beads, which were incorporated along with insulin into the EVAc matrix. When glucose in solution entered the insulin delivery system, gluconic acid was produced, causing a drop in the microenvironmental pH of the matrix. This fall in pH resulted in a rise in insulin solubility and consequently a rise in the insulin release rate from the matrix. Insulin concentrations increased in vitro and in vivo in response to glucose infusion. The increased insulin release was shown to consist of a finite pulse of insulin that required an optimal recovery period of 1 h to achieve a maximal repeated response to a glucose stimulus. Repeated pulses were demonstrated over a 4 h period. An optimum enzyme ratio was also determined.

Abstract  Eight controlled 1- or 2-wk experiments involving 225 healthy male subjects and one study of 18 patients with hypertension, nine of whom were long-term users of a wax-matrix potassium chloride preparation, were conducted to evaluate the upper gastrointestinal safety of oral KCl supplements. All subjects in the short-term studies had normal upper gastrointestinal tracts. Subjects were examined again after at least 7 days of treatment with one of three commonly prescribed wax-matrix KCl tablets, KCl liquid, microencapsulated KCl, a potassium- sparer , or placebo. Some received an anticholinergic drug with treatment to induce delayed gastric motility. Diet and compliance to treatment regimens were controlled. Results indicate that upper mucosal injury, particularly erosions (43%) and ulcerations (11%), were more frequent after wax-matrix tablets. These changes occurred much less frequently after liquid KCl (0%), microencapsulated KCl (10.5% erosions, 1.2% ulcers), and the potassium-sparing drug (0%). More serious and more frequent lesions were associated with slowed motility. No occult bleeding was noted. Symptomatic complaints did not correlate with endoscopic findings. In the long-term study, patients with hypertension were examined endoscopically after 19 to 23 mo on KCl and again after 1 wk. Six of nine of the patients with hypertension treated for nearly 2 yr with a wax-matrix KCl supplement had significant lesions. One had developed ulceration after 7 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abstract  The pharmacokinetics of fluoride and calcium were studied after administration of a combined fluoride and calcium preparation (Tridin) (1, 2 and 3 tablets) in 9 healthy male volunteers, using a cross-over study design. The total estimation of the pharmacokinetic data was performed by a simultaneous curve fitting to all single values, using a direct search procedure based on an open two-compartment model and three-compartment model, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations and areas under the curve are proportional to the dose administered. Inter-subject variations are comparatively small, computerized multiple dose simulation for 3 days does not show any cumulation. The data fit the two-compartment model and the three-compartment model as well. The behaviour of the calcium concentrations reflects the immediate response of calcium homeostasis: plasma calcium concentrations are not affected.

Abstract  HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. GLUCONO DELTA LACTONE PH REDUCTION COLD STORAGE BRINING

Abstract  HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. ABSTRACT BONE CALCIUM GLUCONATE ANTIDOTE PULMONARY FIBROSIS HYDROXY PROLINE