Abstract  This research studied the impact of Iceberg lettuce sanitation using ozonized water at 1.0mg L-1 for 1, 2 and 3 minutes in the vegetable shelf-lift at 2 degrees C. It was evaluated populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, EnterobacterIaceae, molds/yeasts, total and thermtolerants coliforms, and Salmonella sp. Immediately after 3 minutes of sanitation, decimal reductions of 4.07 (aerobic mesophilic bacteria), 3.36 (EnterobacterIacea), 3.2 (molds/yeasts), 2.18 (total coliforms) and 2.18 (thermtolerants coliforms) were reached. Salmonella sp. was not founded at any evaluated condition. Additionally to the initial reduction, the ozonization improved the lettuce stability during its shelf-life, increasing the delay for microbial growth (from zero to four days) and reducing the microbial growth rate. It occurred especially when sanitation with ozone was carried for 3 minutes of contact. The results showed that the Iceberg lettuce sanitized with ozonated water meets the Brazilian law during the evaluated period, reducing lettuce initial load (that was initially unsafe due to high count of coliforms) and keeping this contamination acceptable for 10 days under refrigeration.

Abstract  The effects of gaseous ozone treatment at refrigeration temperatures, on microbial counts (total aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic microorganisms and inoculated Escherichia coli) in culture media and in beef samples were analyzed. The influence of ozone on beef quality properties such as surface color and rancidity was measured.

The effect of gaseous ozone (154 x 10(-6) kg m(-3)) in culture media inoculated with E. coli after 3- or 24-h treatment at 0 and 4 degrees C caused a total inactivation of this microorganism.

For beef samples treated with the same gaseous ozone concentration, the highest microbial inhibition was observed at 0 degrees C and after 24-h exposure, producing a decrease of 0.7 and 2.0 log(10) cycles in E. coli and total aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic microorganism counts respectively; however, both the surface color and lipid oxidation of these beef samples were unacceptable. Shorter exposure times (3 h) to the tested ozone concentration at both temperatures (0-4 degrees C), reduced 0.5 log(10) cycles the counts of total aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic microorganisms and 0.6-1.0 log(10) cycles the counts of E. coli, without changing the color or producing rancidity in beef. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract  The reaction of a metastable SiCl2 solution with the sterically less-demanding carbene N,N-diisopropylimidazo-2-ylidene (IPr) yields the salt [(IPr3 Si3 Cl5 )(+) ]Cl(-) (1-Cl), containing a silyl cation with a Si3 backbone. Salt 1 is highly reactive, but it can be used as a reagent in deuterated dichloromethane, whereby dehalogenation with Me3 SiOTf (OTf=O3 SCF3 ) gives the dicationic silyl halide [(IPr3 Si3 Cl4 )](2+) 2. Quantum chemical calculations show that the HOMO is localized at the negatively charged central silicon atom of 1 and 2, and thus although both compounds are cations they are better described as silanides, which was also corroborated by NMR investigations.

Abstract  The decomposition of aqueous ozone by UV-vis radiation has been investigated with focus on the impact of ozone photolysis on the degradation of water pollutants during solar ozonation processes. The apparent first-order rate constants of the decomposition of ozone (kobs) have been determined at various pHs in the 4-9 range using radiation of different wavelengths in the UV-vis range. It was found that UVA-visible radiation (λ>320nm) highly enhanced ozone decomposition, especially at pH 4, for which kobs was three-folded with respect to the process in the absence of radiation. Hydrogen peroxide was identified as a main intermediate of ozone photo-decomposition at pH 4. Experiments of degradation of oxalic acid by ozone showed that solar irradiation brings about an increase in the hydroxyl radical to ozone exposures ratio (Rct). Finally, photo-ozonation (λ>300nm) was shown advantageous over single ozonation in the mineralization of a selection of emerging contaminants (metoprolol, ibuprofen, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide and clofibric acid) in both ultrapure water and a synthetic secondary effluent. Thus, TOC removal in 2-h treatments increased from 10 to 25% in the absence of radiation to about 50% in the presence of radiation.

Abstract  Spray washing is a common sanitizing method for the fresh produce industry. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and a combination of ozonated water with ultraviolet (UV) in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine and iceberg lettuces. Both romaine and iceberg lettuces were spot inoculated with 100 μL of a 3 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 to achieve an inoculum of 6 log CFU/g on lettuce. A strong antimicrobial effect was observed for the UV-ozonated water combination, which reduced the population of E. coli by 5 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 on both lettuces. SAEW achieved about 5 log CFU/g reductions in the bacterial counts on romaine lettuce. However, less than 2.5 log CFU/g in the population of E. coli O157:H7 was reduced on iceberg lettuce. The difference may be due to bacteria aggregation near and within stomata for iceberg lettuce but not for romaine lettuce. The UV light treatment may stimulate the opening of the stomata for the UV-ozonated water treatment and hence achieve better bacterial inactivation than the SAEW treatment for iceberg lettuce. Our results demonstrated that the combined treatment of SAEW and UV-ozonated water in the spray washing process could more effectively reduce E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce, which in turn may help reduce incidences of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks.

Abstract  This article contains the analysis of the possibilities of biosynthetic oils selection scheme. The properties of the newly produced biosynthetic oils (enzymatic production method) and their impact on the environment were analyzed. The assessment of the life cycle was made and the results obtained with biosynthetic oils (chemical production method) and mineral oils were compared.

For the process of oleic acid esterification with 1.2-propanediol, the following biocatalysts were applied: Lipolase 100 L, Lipex 100 L, Resinase A, Lipozyme TL IM, Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RM IM. The analysis of biotechnological esterification indicated that the enzyme preparation Lipolase 100L was the most effective during the esterification reaction. The following optimal conditions of 1.2-propanediol oleate during biotechnological production were determined: the molar ratio of oleic acid and 1.2-propanediol - 1:3.72, the amount of Lipolase 100L-1.84% (of oleic acid quantity), temperature - 33 degrees C, duration - 4 h. The obtained lubricant 1.2-propanediol oleate was characterized by a low coefficient of friction. The results obtained after the completion of the life cycle assessment in accordance with the methodologies of Environmental Design of Industrial Products 2003 and Impact 2002+ indicated that enzymatic production of 1 ton of biosynthetic oils (using 1.2-propanediol, oleic acid and biological catalyst), 1.2-propanediol oleate causes the least impact on the environment in the categories of global warming, ozone layer depletion, eutrophication, acidification, etc., in comparison with biosynthetic oils (when the amounts of raw materials of methanol, rapeseed oil, trimethylolpropane and catalyst NaOH are used) of trimethylolpropane oleate and mineral oils. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  The Personal ERythemal EXposure (PEREX) model for seafarers working on decks of vessels has been developed to be used for retrospective estimates of personal occupational erythemal exposure in dependence of work profile, time period, and sea route. Extremely high UV index values up to 22 and daily erythemal exposure up to 89 standard erythemal dose have been derived from ship-based measurements in tropical oceans. Worldwide climatological maps of daily solar erythemal exposure derived from 10year (2004-2013) hourly grid point radiative transfer model calculations for both cloudless sky and cloudy sky serve as the database of PEREX. The PEREX database is compared with ship-based measurements taken along four routes of merchant vessels, continuous UV radiation measurements taken on the research vessel Meteor on its mainly tropical and subtropical routes for 2years, daily cloudless-sky erythemal exposure derived from 10min LibRadtran radiative transfer model calculations, and 2years of satellite-based erythemal exposure data of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite along the ship routes. Systematic differences between PEREX model data, ship-based data, and satellite-based daily erythemal exposure for all-sky conditions are only 1 to 3%, while short-term variations of cloudiness result in standard deviations of differences around 30%. Measured ratios between cloudless-sky erythemal radiation at vertical to horizontal incidence decrease with decreasing solar zenith angle, while clouds flatten their diurnal course.

Abstract  This paper describes the results of experiments on the decomposition of selected nonylphenols (NPs) in aqueous solutions using the UV, UV/H₂O₂, O₃and UV/O₃processes. The goal of the research was to determine the kinetic parameters of the above-mentioned processes, and to estimate their effectiveness. These substances were selected because of their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment, resistance to biodegradation and environmental significance. As a result of the experiments, the quantum yields of the 4-n-nonylphenol (4NP) and NP (technical mixture) photodegradation in aqueous solution were calculated to be 0.15 and 0.17, respectively. The values of the second-order rate constants of the investigated compounds with hydroxyl radical and NP with ozone were also determined. The estimated second-order rate constants of 4NP and NP with hydroxyl radicals were equal to 7.6 × 10⁸-1.3 × 10⁹ mol⁻¹ L s⁻¹. For NP, the determined rate constant with ozone was equal to 2.01 × 10⁶ mol⁻¹ L s⁻¹. The performed experiments showed that NP was slightly more susceptible to degradation by the UV radiation and hydroxyl radicals than 4NP. The study demonstrated also that the polychromatic UV-light alone and also in combination with selected oxidizers (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, ozone) may be successfully used for the removal of selected NPs from the aqueous medium.

Abstract  In this work the kinetics parameters of degradation of MTBE with persulfate catalyzed by Ag+ ions in aqueous solution at different temperatures and different concentrations of the oxidizing agent and catalyst, were determined. The experimental results indicate that the reaction is much faster in the presence of Ag+ ions. The Arrhenius activation energy for the catalyzed reaction is 69.89 x 10(3) J mol(-1) (1.14 mol m(-3) MTBE, 25.00 mol m(-3) Na2S2O8, 0.30 mol m(-3) Ag+), whereas in the uncatalyzed reaction is 105.61 x10(3) J mol(-1) (1.14 mol m(-3) MTBE, 25.00 mol m(-3) Na2S2O8) in the temperature range of 20 to 40 degrees C. The findings in this research stated the fundamentals for a novel wastewater treatment.

Abstract  Multifunctional materials composed of ultrathin magnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy combined with ferroelectric substrates represent a new approach toward low power, fast, high density spintronics. Here we demonstrate Co/Ni multilayered films with tunable saturation magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy grown directly on ferroelectric PZT [Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3] substrate plates. Electric fields up to ±2 MV/m expand the PZT by 0.1% and generate at least 0.02% in-plane compression in the Co/Ni multilayered film. Modifying the strain with a voltage can reduce the coercive field by over 30%. We also demonstrate that alternating in-plane tensile and compressive strains (less than 0.01%) can be used to propagate magnetic domain walls. This ability to manipulate high anisotropy magnetic thin films could prove useful for lowering the switching energy for magnetic elements in future voltage-controlled spintronic devices.

Abstract  Dermatophytes are classified in three genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. They have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue to produce a cutaneous infection known as dermatophytoses. This investigation was performed to study the effect of gaseous ozone and ozonized oil on three specific properties of six different dermatophytes. These properties included sporulation, mycelia leakage of sugar and nutrients and the activity of their hydrolytic enzymes. Generally, ozonized oil was found to be more efficacious than gaseous ozone. Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis were the most susceptible, while Trichophyton interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes were relatively resistant. The study revealed a steady decline in spore production of M. gypseum and M. canis on application of ozonated oil. An increase in leakage of electrolytes and sugar was noticed after treatment with ozonized oil in the case of M. gypseum, M. canis, T. interdigitale, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The results also revealed loss in urease, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase and keratinase enzyme producing capacity of the investigated fungi.

Abstract  Forkhead box (FOX) proteins constitute an extended family of transcriptional regulators. FOXM1 is ubiquitously expressed in cells undergoing proliferation, and overexpression of FOXM1 is associated with poor prognosis in various malignant tumours. FOXM1 and FOXO3a are often transcriptionally antagonistic. FOXO3a plays a critical tumour-suppressive role in breast cancer. FOXO activity is modulated by its acetylation status, which is regulated by class III histone deacetylases (sirtuins; also known as SIRTs). This study evaluated the role of FOX proteins and their regulators in each molecular subtype of breast cancer. Immunohistochemical expressions of FOXM1, FOXO3a, SIRT1 and SIRT6 were evaluated in tissue microarray blocks containing 688 consecutive breast cancer samples. Mean expression levels were used to categorize tumours according to the expression of each protein (high or low). High expression of FOXM1 was significantly correlated with high SIRT1 and SIRT6 expression, higher histologic grade and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). High expression of nuclear FOXO3a and nuclear SIRT1 was correlated with a lower histologic grade and the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype. In survival analysis, FOXM1 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival in the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype but not in the HER2-positive subtype or TNBC. In conclusion, although high FOXM1 expression was noted in the TNBC subtype, it had no prognostic impact in TNBC. However, it had prognostic significance in the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype.

Abstract  A catalytic probe made of a nickel thin wire is introduced into the gas flow downstream of an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge ozonizer to examine the ozone dissociation process on a catalytic surface. The probe is placed downstream far from the discharge to avoid the influence of reactive species other than ozone. The measured voltage variation across the probe wire under a constant probe heating current is used as a measure of the temperature variation of the probe surface and the nearby gas temperature. The stainless steel and copper wire made probes are also used to examine the effect of catalytic activity. Experimental results show that, for a low probe heating current of 0.2 A, the temperature of the probe decreases with increasing ozone concentration almost independent of the probe materials due to catalytic dissociation of ozone, which removes heat of reaction from the probe. When the heating current is increased to 1.5 A, the temperature of the nickel probe increases with increasing ozone concentration due to thermal dissociation of ozone followed by surface catalytic recombination of oxygen radicals, which gives heat of reaction to the probe. On the other hand, the temperature of the stainless steel and copper made probes decreases with increasing ozone concentration despite the high heating current due mainly to the low catalytic activities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Cement production contributes over 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Heavy manufacturing industries like cement production continue to rely primarily on fossil fuels for primary energy production and have limited renewable energy options. This study used life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the potential environmental benefits of substituting bio oil and biochar from mobile fast pyrolysis of forest harvest residues for fossil fuels in an average cement plant in Quebec, Canada. Bioenergy Pathways for cement production showed reductions in non-biogenic GHG emissions as high as 50% relative to the Reference Pathway for energy provision in the plant. The use of bio oil and biochar from mobile pyrolysis units increased the share of renewable energy in the cement plant energy mix from just under 15% in the Reference Pathway up to 47% and 73% in the Bioenergy Pathways, depending on the scale of fuel substitution. Bioenergy Pathways also led to decreases in potential acidification, ozone depletion, respiratory effects, and eutrophication impacts, with slightly higher contributions to smog-forming emissions. The environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of fast pyrolysis units are strongly linked to the availability of, and proximity to, sufficient forest harvest residues, such that regional-level analysis of feedstock availability is needed prior to wide-scale deployment of these systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  A series of polycarbonate films loaded with different concentrations of UV-ozone pretreated single-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared. The electrical and mechanical properties of these composites were investigated. The improvement of the single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion in polycarbonate (PC) matrix leads to a dramatic enhancement in the electrical conductivity with low percolation threshold (0.5 wt% of single-walled carbon nanotubes loading). Results obtained from the analysis of the dielectric parameters at room temperature and domain frequency range reveal that single-walled carbon nanotubes increases the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity of the composites. The dielectric relaxation behavior of these composites is mostly due to polymer molecular relaxation when the single-walled carbon nanotubes content is below the percolation threshold whereas it is almost due to the charge conductivity relaxation above 0.8 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes. The calculated values of the elastic modulus obtained from the stress-strain curves also show a percolation behavior with a threshold of 0.08 wt% single-walled carbon nanotube.

Abstract  Penicillium nordicum is the main ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing fungal species isolated from artisanal sausages of different areas of Italy and other European countries. P. nordicum grows on and produces OTA in the sausage casing, thereby posing a health risk to Italian consumers, who commonly eat both the meat and casing of artisanal sausages. Different methods have been proposed to eliminate OTA and P. nordicum on the casings, including brushing, brushing and washing, the use of fungal starter cultures (Penicillium nalgiovense) and gaseous ozone. The aim of this study was to compare these methods with regard to eliminating the risk of OTA contamination in sausages. Three concentrations of gaseous ozone were assessed, i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l. Only 1.5 mg/l prevented P nordicum growth and production of OTA in sausages without influencing the physicochemical parameters and the sensory characteristic of the products. Application of this gaseous ozone concentration was then compared to the other methods, i.e. brushing, brushing and washing, a one-step starter culture of R nalgiovense (inoculation after casing) and a two-step starter culture (inoculation after both casing and drying). The results obtained showed that only the use of gaseous ozone and a two-step starter culture of P nalgiovense achieved complete inhibition of P nordicum growth and OTA production. However, sensory analysis of the treated sausages showed that the use of starter cultures was the best method.

Abstract  As a replacement for SiO2 based gate dielectrics, HfO2 with an admixture of ZrO2 has the potential to provide a higher dielectric constant than pure HfO2 by means of stabilization of higher-k phases. Accordingly, in this study the authors have pursued a means to control composition of HfxZr1-xO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition by simultaneously flowing Hf and Zr metal precursors during the precursor exposure step and varying the molar flow ratio. Using the tetrakis(ethylmethylamino) Hf and Zr precursors, TEMAH and TEMAZ, with either H2O or O-3 co-reactants, the co-injection approach for HfxZr1-xO2 was compared with alternating HfO2 and ZrO2 growth cycles and was observed to allow uniform and tunable composition control. For the co-injection process, deviation from the cycle ratio trendline suggests more efficient chemisorption of TEMAZ compared to TEMAH. The authors have also evaluated these films in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structures and verified the electrical equivalence and similar within-wafer distributions of Hf0.2Zr0.8O2 obtained from both processing schemes. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4764473]

Abstract  Effects of solar UV radiation on the biosphere are well known a lot of studies are going on to reduce its dangerous effects on human beings. Atmospheric ozone layer is not uniform over the globe, so that less ozone over tropics makes it receive more UV insolation, than high latitude places. People in the tropics are continuously exposed to high UV dasge, leading to skin reddening and the dangerous "sun stroke." In southern India people use some vegetable oils to protect the skin from sun heat. Studies of "sun stroke" show that people having skin of moderate colour are the main victims. In some parts of Southern Kerala like Kottayam, Ernakulam, and Alappuzha traditional people were using oil extracted from chicken, called "chicken oil," for the treatment of "heat burns" and other types of burns. This motivated us to study of UV absorption characteristics of chicken oil, and compare them with that of other commonly used vegetable oils. It is found that the chicken oils shows maximum absorption of UV radiation of about 85%, and neem oil shows absorption of about 60%. Other oils shows comparatively very low absorption of UV radiation. So this property of chicken oil may be the reason for using it as remedy for heat burns.

Abstract  catalyst surface for the electrochemical oxidation of water at neutral pH is prepared by carrying out the atomic layer deposition of Fe2O3 from ferrocene and ozone onto a substrate. A flat reference substrate is compared with well-defined nanostructures created by anodization. Anodized aluminum serves as a template with ordered, parallel cylindrical nanopores, so that after atomic layer deposition of iron oxide the electrode features an enhanced surface area. Because the geometric parameters of the pores are accurately tunable, their effect on the electrocatalytic current can be studied systematically. We show that when the pore diameter increases, all other parameters being kept constant, the electrochemical current density increases linearly with the specific surface area of the sample. Thus, this work demonstrates the suitability of the preparative procedure for creating well-defined model structures that allow for the systematic investigation of mass transport effects in solution in the vicinity of nanostructured electrodes. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abstract  This study develops a novel sustainability assessment methodology for energy systems using life-cycle emission factors and sustainability indicators. The assessment is applied to a hybrid energy system with hydrogen-based storage to meet the energy needs of a small community in southern Ontario. The energy system can meet the heating, cooling, and electrical energy needs of the 50-household community with a 2000 m(2) solar panel, 16 m rotor radius wind turbine, and 4060 kg of stored hydrogen capacity. The Global Warming Potential and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Potential sub-indicators have the most significant impact on the Integrated Sustainability Index (ISI) of the system. The tolerable level of stratospheric ozone depletion over the time scale for considering sustainability is a critical parameter associated with a lot of uncertainty. The assessment is expected to prove useful as a quantitative, high-level, multi-criteria decision analysis tool for policy and decision makers to evaluate energy system sustainability. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Self-assembling protein nanocontainers are promising candidates for an increasingly wide scope of purposes. Their applications range from drug delivery vehicles and imaging agents to nanocompartments for controlled enzymatic activity. In order to exploit their full potential in these different fields, characterization of their properties is vital. For example, their mechanical properties give insight into the stability of a particle as a function of their internal content. The mechanics can be probed by atomic force microscopy nanoindentation, and while this single particle method is increasingly used to probe material properties of viral nanocages, it has hardly been used to characterize nonviral nanocages. Here we report nanoindentation studies on two types of nonviral nanocontainers: (i) lumazine synthase from Aquifex aeolicus (AaLS), which naturally self-assembles into icosahedral cages, and (ii) the artificial protein cage O3-33 originating from a computational design approach. In addition, we tested particles that had been engineered toward improved cargo loading capacity and compared these nanocages in empty and loaded states. We found that the thermostable AaLS cages are stiffer and resist higher forces before breaking than the O3-33 particles, but that mutations affecting the size of AaLS particles have a dramatic effect on their structural stability. Furthermore, we show that cargo packaging can occur while maintaining the cage's mechanical properties.

Abstract  Oxygen vacancy engineering is an efficient strategy to improve the catalytic performance of nanomaterials. In this work, a highly active Fe-modified manganese oxide (Fe-MnOx) was synthesized and used for airborne ozone decomposition. The addition of Fe3+ during MnO2 synthesis led to higher specific surface area, greatly increased content of oxygen vacancies, evidenced by XPS, H-2-TPR analysis and lower oxygen vacancy formation energy (decreased by similar to 1.2 eV) based on the density functional theory calculations. The ozone conversion over Fe-MnOx kept 97% after 24 h reaction, while it over MnO2 slowed down to 85% under dry condition. Remarkably, under humid condition (RH = 60%), the ozone conversion over Fe-MnOx kept 73% after 6 h reaction, while ozone conversion over pure MnO2 decreased to 50% within 1 h under the conditions of 100 ppm inlet ozone concentration and weight space velocity of 660 L g(-1) h(-1). The intermediate peroxide species (O-2(2-)) formed on the surface oxygen vacancies of Fe-MnOx and MnO2 during ozone decomposition reaction were observed using in situ Raman spectroscopy. The concentration and depletion rate of O-2(2-) on the surface of Fe-MnOx was higher than that on MnO2, illustrating that O-2(2-) acted as the key species to boost the catalytic process. The content and dispersity of oxygen vacancies were identified to be mainly responsible for the performance difference. This provides a promising idea for designing novel nanomaterial catalyst for gaseous ozone decomposition.

Abstract  The relatively high sheet resistance, low work function and poor compatibility with hole injection layers (HILs) seriously limit the applications of graphene as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, a graphene oxide/graphene (GO/G) vertical heterostructure is developed as TCEs for high-performance OLEDs, by directly oxidizing the top layer of three-layer graphene films with ozone treatment. Such GO/G heterostructure electrodes show greatly improved optical transmittance, a large work function, high stability, and good compatibility with HIL materials (MoO3 in this work). Moreover, the conductivity of the heterostructure is not sacrificed compared to the pristine three-layer graphene electrodes, but is significantly higher than that of pristine two-layer graphene films. In addition to high flexibility, OLEDs with different emission colors based on the GO/G heterostructure TCEs show much better performance than those based on indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes. Green OLEDs with GO/G heterostructure electrodes have the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency, as high as 82.0 cd A(-1) and 98.2 lm W(-1), respectively, which are 36.7% (14.8%) and 59.2% (15.0%) higher than those with pristine graphene (ITO) anodes. These findings open up the possibility of using graphene for next generation high-performance flexible and wearable optoelectronics with high stability.

Abstract  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions on the physicochemical and sensory properties of ozonated freeze-dried chicken meat stored at 21±1°C for 28days. To this end, 14 MAP treatments were performed to obtain the most suitable packaging atmosphere. High concentrations of O2 in MAP promoted loss of redness and increased the pH values. Moreover, when the concentration of CO2 in MAP was more than 40%, high values of textural parameters and low scores of sensory hardness and chewiness were achieved. The 20%CO2/80%N2 gas combination was found to be the most effective treatment for best maintaining the physicochemical and sensory quality of ozonated dried chicken samples similar to that of raw meat.

Abstract  Because of its high dielectric strength, good partial discharge capability, low global warming potential (GWP), none ozone depletion potential (ODP) and non-toxicity, fluorocarbon gas is a possible substitute for SF6 gas, and can be used hopefully in electrical equipment, such as GIL, C-GIS. Arc voltage and potential gradient are useful in arc modeling and computational investigation of gas insulated apparatus, such as cubical-gas insulated switchgear (C-GIS), and the potential gradient can be used to estimate the arc energy generated in short current fault. In this study, voltage and potential gradient of arc column in fluorocarbon gas and its gas mixtures with different fluorocarbon ratios were measured. The experiment was performed on a single frequency oscillating-loop. It is shown that the arc voltage of fluorocarbon gas and its gas mixture increases with arc length. Moreover, the arc potential gradient was obtained based on the arc voltage and arc length. The arc voltage gradient decreases with peak arc current. Besides, as the mixture ratio of fluorocarbon gas increases, the arc voltage gradient becomes lower. At last, these results are compared with SF6 gas; it shows that the arc voltage gradient of fluorocarbon gas is bigger than that of SF6 gas. These results will provide a hopeful reference for future studies of fluorocarbon gas mixture C-GIS.