Abstract  This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of non-volatile chemicals used in textile dyes. The document focuses primarily on the application of dyes to fibers, yarns and fabrics by batch or continuous processes. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to non-volatile chemicals used in dye formulations.

Abstract  In response to a request from the owner, an evaluation was made of potential hazardous conditions associated with the use of an experimental paint stripper to renovate wood floors by the Rosebud Company (SIC-1752), Atlanta, Georgia. The work was being performed at an antique residence undergoing renovation. The paint stripper, Experimental Solvent System Formulat MPB, was a viscous liquid used for passive refinishing. Personal exposures to n-methyl-pyrrolidinone (872504) (NMP) were documented at 3.3 and 4.0 parts per million (ppm) on two occasions at the work site. Area samples averaged 3.6 and 7.7ppm. No detectable lead (7439921) was found in the personal or area air samples taken. Wipe samples prior to renovation found a surface lead level of 158 micrograms per square foot from a section of baseboard. Four paint chip samples from the floor or a room being renovated contained 0.19% to 0.28% lead. Levels of formic-acid (64186) were below the 5ppm OSHA permissible exposure limit. The author concludes that the health hazard associated with NMP exposure is not clear. The author recommends that additional precautions be taken to reduce potential exposures for workers and others in the building.

Abstract  N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a solvent that is increasingly used in a variety of industries, including petroleum refining, microelectronics, pesticide formulation, and veterinary medicine. Animal studies have demonstrated fetotoxic effects after maternal exposure to doses that have minimal to no adverse effect on the mothers. The fetotoxicity comprises resorption, stillbirth, and low birthweight and delayed ossification in surviving young. We report a human case of intrauterine growth retardation followed by fetal demise at 31 weeks gestation. The mother was a laboratory worker with no other apparent risk factors, who sustained occupational exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory work and solvent exposure have both previously been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Laboratories and other industries that use suspected reproductive toxins should have reproductive health policies in place that allow for decision-making based on toxicologic review, exposure assessment, and medical evaluation. These policies should allow for voluntary removal of prospective parents until environmental assessment and controls are instituted.